Deployment Interview Preparations (Questions and Answers Detailed Guide)

1. What is deployment?

Deployment is the process of making a software application available for use. It involves moving code from development/testing environments to production.

2. What is CI/CD?

CI/CD stands for Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment/Delivery. It automates the process of code integration, testing, and deployment.

3. Difference between Continuous Delivery and Continuous Deployment?

• Continuous Delivery: Manual approval required before deployment.
• Continuous Deployment: Automatic deployment without human intervention.

4. What is a deployment pipeline?

A structured process that code goes through from commit to production.

5. What is Blue-Green Deployment?

Two identical environments (Blue and Green) are used. One is live, the other is idle for updates.

6. What is Canary Deployment?

New features are released to a small group of users before full rollout.

7. What is Rolling Deployment?

Gradual replacement of old version with new version.

8. What is Infrastructure as Code (IaC)?

Managing infrastructure using code instead of manual processes.

9. What tools are used for deployment?

• Jenkins
• Docker
• Kubernetes
• Ansible
• Terraform

10. What is Docker?

Docker is a containerization platform that packages applications and dependencies.

11. What is Kubernetes?

An orchestration tool used to manage containerized applications.

12. What is a container?

A lightweight environment to run applications with all dependencies.

13. What is a Docker image?

A blueprint used to create containers.

14. What is a Docker container?

A running instance of a Docker image.

15. What is version control?

System to track code changes (e.g., Git).

16. What is Git?

A distributed version control system.

17. What is a Git repository?

A storage location for code.

18. What is branching?

Creating separate versions of code for development.

19. What is merging?

Combining code from different branches.

20. What is a build?

Process of converting code into executable form.

21. What is a staging environment?

A testing environment similar to production.

22. What is production environment?

The live environment where users access the application.

23. What is rollback?

Reverting to a previous version if deployment fails.

24. What is monitoring?

Tracking application performance and health.

25. What is logging?

Recording events for debugging and auditing.

26. What is load balancing?

Distributing traffic across multiple servers.

27. What is scalability?

Ability to handle increased load.

28. What is high availability?

Ensuring system uptime with minimal downtime.

29. What is downtime?

Time when the system is unavailable.

30. What is zero-downtime deployment?

Deploying without affecting users.

31. What is server?

A machine that hosts applications.

32. What is cloud deployment?

Deploying applications on cloud platforms like AWS, Azure.

33. What is on-premise deployment?

Deployment on local servers.

34. What is hybrid deployment?

Combination of cloud and on-premise.

35. What is AWS?

Amazon Web Services – cloud computing platform.

36. What is Azure?

Microsoft cloud platform.

37. What is GCP?

Google Cloud Platform.

38. What is a virtual machine?

Software-based computer.

39. What is container orchestration?

Managing containers at scale.

40. What is Helm?

A package manager for Kubernetes.

41. What is Ansible?

An automation tool for configuration management.

42. What is Terraform?

Tool for Infrastructure as Code.

43. What is CI tool?

Tool that automates integration (e.g., Jenkins).

44. What is Jenkins?

Automation server for CI/CD pipelines.

45. What is GitHub Actions?

CI/CD automation feature in GitHub.

46. What is artifact?

Output of build process.

47. What is pipeline stage?

Step in CI/CD process.

48. What is environment variable?

Dynamic value used in applications.

49. What is secret management?

Handling sensitive data securely.

50. What is DevOps?

Combination of development and operations practices.

51. What is microservices architecture?

Application divided into small services.

52. What is monolithic architecture?

Single unified application.

53. What is API deployment?

Deploying backend services.

54. What is frontend deployment?

Deploying UI applications.

55. What is backend deployment?

Deploying server-side logic.

56. What is Nginx?

Web server and reverse proxy.

57. What is Apache server?

Popular web server.

58. What is reverse proxy?

Server that forwards client requests.

59. What is CDN?

Content Delivery Network for faster delivery.

60. What is caching?

Storing data temporarily for faster access.

61. What is SSL?

Security protocol for encrypted communication.

62. What is HTTPS?

Secure version of HTTP.

63. What is domain?

Website address.

64. What is DNS?

Domain Name System.

65. What is port?

Communication endpoint.

66. What is firewall?

Security system controlling traffic.

67. What is SSH?

Secure shell for remote access.

68. What is FTP?

File transfer protocol.

69. What is SCP?

Secure file transfer.

70. What is YAML?

Configuration file format.

71. What is JSON?

Data format for APIs.

72. What is script?

Automated command execution.

73. What is Bash?

Unix shell scripting language.

74. What is cron job?

Scheduled task in Linux.

75. What is uptime?

Time system is running.

76. What is SLA?

Service Level Agreement.

77. What is SLA breach?

Failure to meet service agreement.

78. What is alerting?

Notification for issues.

79. What is incident?

Unexpected failure event.

80. What is root cause analysis?

Finding cause of issue.

81. What is autoscaling?

Automatic resource adjustment.

82. What is horizontal scaling?

Adding more machines.

83. What is vertical scaling?

Increasing machine power.

84. What is cluster?

Group of servers.

85. What is node?

Single machine in cluster.

86. What is pod?

Smallest unit in Kubernetes.

87. What is service in Kubernetes?

Exposes pods.

88. What is ingress?

Manages external access.

89. What is config map?

Stores configuration data.

90. What is secret in Kubernetes?

Stores sensitive info.

91. What is deployment failure?

When deployment does not succeed.

92. How to handle deployment failure?

Rollback, debugging, logs analysis.

93. What is smoke testing?

Basic tests after deployment.

94. What is A/B testing?

Comparing two versions.

95. What is feature flag?

Enable/disable features dynamically.

96. What is release management?

Planning and controlling releases.

97. What is change management?

Managing changes systematically.

98. What is dependency?

External library required.

99. What is package manager?

Tool to manage dependencies.

100. What is best practice for deployment?

• Automate CI/CD
• Use version control
• Monitor systems
• Enable rollback
• Test thoroughly