As per our part 1 of this linux commands sequence, the first thing we are going to understand is the details of all the fields of output of ls -lrtah (here we are only taking one output line, detailed explanation is given in the part 1 ).
drwxr-xr-x 6 someOwnerUser someOwnerGroup 4.0K Sep 25 10:07 someDirectoryName
-rwxr-xr-x 6 someOwnerUser someOwnerGroup 919 Sep 25 10:07 someFileName
First field shows the permission in linux.
1. Permission to the folder or directory in Linux.
The permission is divided into many sub parts, like the first letter d shows that the sequence that is being shows is a directory